if statement
Keyword if tells compiler that this is a decision control instruction and the condition following the keyword if is always enclosed within a pair of parentheses.
Syntax: if(condition is true){ execute this statement }
Flow Chart:
Example:
# R program to illustrate
# if statement
a <- 76
b <- 67
# TRUE condition
if(a > b)
{
c <- a - b
print("condition a > b is TRUE")
print(paste("Difference between a, b is : ", c))
}
# FALSE condition
if(a < b)
{
c <- a - b
print("condition a < b is TRUE")
print(paste("Difference between a, b is : ", c))
}
Output:
[1] "condition a > b is TRUE"
[1] "Difference between a, b is : 9"if-else statement
Syntax: if(condition is true) { execute this statement } else { execute this statement }
Example :
# R if-else statement Example
a <- 67
b <- 76
# This example will execute else block
if(a > b)
{
c <- a - b
print("condition a > b is TRUE")
print(paste("Difference between a, b is : ", c))
} else
{
c <- a - b
print("condition a > b is FALSE")
print(paste("Difference between a, b is : ", c))
}Output:
[1] "condition a > b is FALSE"
[1] "Difference between a, b is : -9"if-else-if ladder
It is similar to if-else statement, here the only difference is that an if statement is attached to else. If the condition provided to if block is true then the statement within the if block gets executed, else-if the another condition provided is checked and if true then the statement within the block gets executed.
Syntax: if(condition 1 is true) { execute this statement } else if(condition 2 is true) { execute this statement } else { execute this statement }
Flow Chart:
Example :
# R if-else-if ladder Example
a <- 67
b <- 76
c <- 99
if(a > b && b > c)
{
print("condition a > b > c is TRUE")
} else if(a < b && b > c)
{
print("condition a < b > c is TRUE")
} else if(a < b && b < c)
{
print("condition a < b < c is TRUE")
}Output:
[1] "condition a < b < c is TRUE"Nested if-else statement
When we have an if-else block as an statement within an if block or optionally within an else block, then it is called as nested if else statement. When an if condition is true then following child if condition is validated and if the condition is wrong else statement is executed, this happens within parent if condition. If parent if condition is false then else block is executed with also may contain child if else statement.
Syntax: if(parent condition is true) { if( child condition 1 is true) { execute this statement } else { execute this statement } } else { if(child condition 2 is true) { execute this statement } else { execute this statement } }
Flow Chart:
Example:
# R Nested if else statement Example
a <- 10
b <- 11
if(a == 10)
{
if(b == 10)
{
print("a:10 b:10")
} else
{
print("a:10 b:11")
}
} else
{
if(a == 11)
{
print("a:11 b:10")
} else
{
print("a:11 b:11")
}
}Output:
[1] "a:10 b:11"switch statement
In this switch function expression is matched to list of cases. If a match is found then it prints that case’s value. No default case is available here. If no case is matched it outputs NULL as shown in example.
Syntax: switch (expression, case1, case2, case3,…,case n )
Flow Chart :
Example:
# R switch statement example
# Expression in terms of the index value
x <- switch(
2, # Expression
"codes", # case 1
"with", # case 2
"pankaj" # case 3
)
print(x)
# Expression in terms of the string value
y <- switch(
"p4n", # Expression
"p4n1"="codes", # case 1
"p4n2"="with", # case 2
"p4n3"="pankaj" # case 3
)
print(y)
z <- switch(
"p4n", # Expression
"p4n1"="codes", # case 1
"p4n2"="with", # case 2
"p4n3"="pankaj" # case 3
)
print(z)
print(z)
Output:
[1] "with"
NULL
NULL
NULL
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